Issue link: https://publications.tfs.ca/i/1421996
36 Parents' Handbook 2021– 2022 In the Education Act, bullying means aggressive and typically repeated behaviour by a student where, (a) the behaviour is intended by the pupil to have the effect of, or the pupil ought to know that the behaviour would be likely to have the effect of, (i) causing harm, fear or distress to another individual, including physical, psychological, social or academic harm, harm to the individual's reputation or harm to the individual's property, or (ii) creating a negative environment at the school for another individual; and, (b) the behaviour occurs in a context where there is a real or perceived power imbalance between the pupil and the individual based on factors such as size, strength, age, intelligence, peer group power, economic status, social status, religion, ethnic origin, sexual orientation, family circumstances, gender, gender identity, gender expression, race, disability or the receipt of special education. This behaviour includes the use of any physical, verbal, electronic, written or other means to conduct bullying. Cyberbullying: Means bullying by electronic means, including, (a) creating a web page or a blog in which the creator assumes the identity of another person; (b) impersonating another person as the author of content or messages posted on the internet; and, (c) communicating material electronically to more than one individual or posting material on a website that may be accessed by one or more individuals. As examples, and without limiting the generality of the above definitions, bullying and hazing can involve any of the following forms: Physical bullying: - when someone hits, shoves, kicks, spits at, or beats up on others; Verbal bullying: - name-calling, mocking, hurtful teasing; - humiliating or threatening someone; - making people do things they don't want to; Social bullying: - excluding others from the group; - gossiping or spreading rumours about others; - setting others up to look foolish; - making sure others don't associate with a person; Electronic bullying: - using a computer or phone text messages, or pictures to: - threaten or hurt someone's feelings; - single out, embarrass, or make someone look bad; - spread rumours or reveal secrets about someone; Racial or Religious bullying: - treating people badly because of their racial, ethnic or religious background; - saying negative things about a cultural or religious background; - calling someone racist names; - telling racist or inappropriate religious jokes; Sexual bullying: - unwanted and unwelcome behaviour about sex or gender that interferes with someone's life and makes them feel uncomfortable;